Which are the essential elements of the Sacrament of Reconciliation?

• A. Confession to a priest, contrition, penance, and absolution
• B. Contrition, confession of sins to a priest, penance, and absolution
• C. Contrition and absolution only
• D. Penances without contrition

Answer: (B)

The essential elements of the Sacrament of Reconciliation are four: contrition, confession of sins to a priest, penance, and absolution. Contrition means a genuine sorrow for sin and a resolve not to sin again. Confession to a priest is required because the forgiveness of sins in this sacrament is administered through the ordained ministry. Penance is the acts of restitution or spiritual discipline given to express repentance and to help repair the harm caused by sin. Absolution is the priest’s pronouncement of God’s forgiveness in Christ’s name, making the reconciliation real for the soul and for the Church community. Together, these four parts form the complete sacramental act. The other options miss or minimize one or more of these elements, which is why this fourfold listing best reflects Catholic teaching.