Civil law is defined as which of the following?

• A. The system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community; governs relationships; written code; applies natural law; created according to customs and circumstances
• B. A system of law focused on criminal justice and public order
• C. A religious code of conduct
• D. A treaty-based legal framework

Answer: (A)

Civil law is about the rules that govern private relationships between people and organizations—things like contracts, property, family matters, and torts. It focuses on how individuals and entities interact with one another, not on crimes or government penalties. The description that highlights private relations, governing those relationships, and a system often organized in a written code best matches what civil law is. The other options point to different areas: criminal law deals with offenses against public order, a religious code reflects moral or spiritual rules, and a treaty-based framework concerns international agreements rather than domestic private law.